Degree

 

Notes by Reazul Razib

Degree হল Adjective এর রূপভেদ। এটি ৩টি ভাগে বিভক্ত। যথা-

Positive Degree

Comparative Degree

Superlative Degree

Positive Degree:

কোন sentence এ Noun বা pronoun এর দোষ, গুন, অবস্থা ইত্যাদি বুঝাতে adjective এর যে রূপ ব্যবহার হয় তাকে Positive Degree বলে।যেমন – Mr. Roni is a good man.

Comparative Degree:

সাধারণত দুটি Noun বা pronoun এর দোষ, গুন, অবস্থা ইত্যাদির তুলনা বুঝাতে adjective এর যে রূপ ব্যবহার হয় তাকে Comparative Degree বলে।যেমন – Rahim is wiser than Karim.

Superlative Degree:

সাধারণত অনেকের মধ্যে তুলনা বুঝাতে adjective এর যে রূপ ব্যবহার হয় তাকে Superlative Degree বলে।যেমন – Rony is the best player in the team.

Change of Degrees:

Superlative Degree into Positive Degree

Superlative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

Rule 1:

No other + প্রদত্ত Superlative এর পরের অংশ + verb + so/as + Superlative Degree এর Positive form + as + মূল sentence এর subject.

Superlative: Rony is the smallest player in the team.Positive: No other player in the team is as small as Rony.Superlative: Sima is the best housewife.Positive: No other housewife is as good as Sima.

Rule 2:

all other, most other, many other, few other, very few, one of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

প্রথমে very few + Superlative এর পরের অংশ + verb এর plural form + so/as + Superlative Degree এর Positive form + as + মূল sentence এর subject.Superlative: He is one of the best players in the team.Positive: Very few players in the team are as good as he.

Superlative: Iron is one of the most useful metals.Positive: Very few metals are as useful as Iron.

Comparative into positive

Rule 1:

Than any other/all other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

No other + any other/all other এর পরের অংশ + verb + so/as + Comparative Degree এর Positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.Comparative: kibria is greater than any other boy in the class.Positive: No other boy in the class is as great as Kibria.Comparative: Dhaka is larger than all other cities in Bangladesh.Positive: No other cities in Bangladesh is as large as Dhaka.

Rule 2:

Than যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

Than এর পরের অংশ + verb + not + so/as + Comparative এর Positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.Comparative: Rony is bigger than Bony.Positive: Bony is not as big as Rony.Comparative: He is stronger than I.Positive: I am not as strong as he.

Rule 3:

Than most other / than few other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

Very few + most other/few other এর পরের অংশ + verb এর plural form + so/as + Comparative এর Positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.Comparative: The gold is most useful than most other metals.Positive: very few metals are as/so useful as gold.Comparative: A. K. Fazlul Haque was greater than most other politicians in Bangladesh.Positive: very few politicians in Bangladesh were as/so great as A. K. Fazlul Haque.

Rule 4:

No less/not less ……..than যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

No less/not less এর পরিবর্তে উক্ত যায়গায় as বসে এবং than এর পরিবর্তে উক্ত যায়গায় as বসে। আর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।Comparative: He is no less intelligent than you.Positive: He is as intelligent as you.Comparative: Kripa is not less clever than shipa.Positive: Kripa is as clever as shipa.

Rule 5:

No sooner had ….than যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

No sooner had এর পরিবর্তে as soon as + subject + verb এর পরিবর্তে past form + than এর পূর্বের অংশ + than এর পরিবর্তে কমা বসে + বাকী অংশ।Comparative: No sooner had he seen me than he ran away.Positive: As soon as he saw me, he ran away

Superlative into comparative

Rule 1:

Subject + verb + Superlative এর comparative form + than any other + প্রদত্ত sentence বাকী অংশ।Superlative: He is the best player in the team.Comparative: He is better than any other player in the team.

Note: All of থাকলে All of এর পরিবর্তে than all other বসে।

Superlative: He is the best of all men.Comparative: He is better than all other man.

Rule 2:

One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

Subject + verb + Superlative এর comparative form + than most other + প্রদত্ত sentence বাকী অংশ।Superlative: Kibria is one of the best players in the team.Comparative: Kibria is better than most other players in the team.Superlative: Canada is one of the coldest countries in the world.Comparative: Canada is colder than most other countries in the world.

Positive into comparative

Rule 1:

No other যুক্ত positive Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের subject + verb + positive degree এর comparative form + than any other + no other এর পর থেকে verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত।Positive: No other player in the team is as good as him.Comparative: He is better than any other player in the team.Positive: No other country in the world is so/as cold as Canada.Comparative: Canada is colder than any other country in the world.

Rule 2:

Very few যুক্ত positive Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের subject + verb + positive degree এর comparative form + than most other + no other এর পর থেকে verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত।Positive: Very few students are so good as Lablu.Comparative: Lablu is better than most other students.Positive: Very few metals are so costly as gold.Comparative: Gold is costlier than most other metals.

Rule 3:

As……as যুক্ত positive Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের subject + verb + not + positive degree এর comparative form + than + প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম subject।Positive: He is as good as his brotherComparative: His brother is not better than him.

Comparative into superlative

Rule 1:

Subject + verb + the + Comparative এর superlative form + other এর পরের অংশ।Comparative: He is better than any other player in the team.Superlative: He is the best player in the team.Note – other এর পর plural noun থাকলে superlative এর পরে of all বসে।Comparative: He is bigger than of all boys.Superlative: He is the tallest of all boys.

Rule 2:

Than most other/than few other যুক্ত Comparative কে Superlative এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

Subject + verb + one of the + Comparative degree এর superlative form + most other/few other এর পরের অংশ।Comparative: Vatican City is smaller than most other countries in the world.Superlative: Vatican City is one of the smallest countries in the world.Comparative: Dhaka is bigger than most other cities in Bangladesh.Superlative: Dhaka is one of the biggest cities in Bangladesh.

Positive into superlative:

Rule 1:

No other যুক্ত positive degree কে superlative degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের Subject + verb + the + positive এর superlative form + no other এর পর থেকে verb এর মাঝের অংশ।Positive: No other player in the team is as good as Raju.Superlative: Raju is the best player in the team.Positive: No other man man in the society is as good as him.Superlative: He is the best man in the society.

Rule 2:

Very few যুক্ত positive degree কে superlative degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের Subject + verb + one of the + positive এর superlative form + very few এর পর থেকে verb এর মাঝের অংশ।

Positive: Very few people in the country are as good as Rakib

Superlative: Rakib is one of the best people in the country.

Note:

very few➤than most other+plural noun➤One of the

No other➤than any other+singular noun➤The best

Degree:

No ther>than any other>superlative. 

Very few>than most other>one of the+superlative adj

Note: 

than any other+singular noun

Than most other + plural noun

(Ex-1)

Positive degree:

"No other man was as strong as Hercules"

Comparative degree: 

"Hercules was stronger than any other man"

Superlative degree:

 "Hercules was the strongest man in the world"

(Ex-2)

Positive degree:

"Very few students in the class are as brilliant as Sohana" 

Comparative degree:

Sohan is more brilliant than most other students in the class.

Superlative degree :

"Sohana is one of the most brilliant students in the class"

. liitle > less>least

2.পরবর্তি অংশ বোঝাতে

Late>latter>last

3.পরবর্তী সময় বোঝাতে

late>later>latest