Notes by Reazul Razib
There are five types of nouns.
4 are concrete nouns (appearable/দৃশ্যমান)
1.Proper noun ➤ নির্দিষ্টতা
(Dhaka,September,January,Rahim)
2.Common noun➤জাত
(girls,boys,city,country)
3.Collective noun ➤ সমষ্টি
(Police,army)
4.Material noun ➤ উপাদান
(wood,iron)
1 is abstract noun ➤ অদৃশ্য
(Anger,love,hate)
Among these 2 nouns are uncountable;
(গননা করা যায় না)
1.Material noun
2.Abstract noun
1.Proper noun❤️
Note1:Cardinal number doesn't take article but ordinal number does.
Ex:Rabindra was born in 1861.
Rabindra is the 4th child of his parents.
Note2: Usually a proper noun doesn't take an article but some nouns take definite article.
Ex:
The Suez Canal(canal),
The netherlands(country),
The Titanic(Ship),
The Padma(river),
The Daily Star(newspaper),
The Himalays(mountain),
The Rajshahi Express(vehicle),
The west(way),
The west Indies/The Phillipines(Island),
The Sahara(desert),
The Atlantic(ocean).
Note3: To specify a thing of somewhere,article is used and both noun should start with capital letter.
Ex:
The Dhaka univerity❌
Dhaka University✅
The University of Dhaka✅
Note: To say a unknown name, a/an/one/some could be used to mean ➤(জনৈক)
Ex:Some Rahim came.
An Omar is rarely born.
Note4:Definite article may be used to convert a proper noun to a common noun.
Ex.Nazrul is the PB Shelley of BD.
2.Common noun❤️
Noun that refers to a specific racial people or things.
Ex:
I like mango❌
I like mangoes/a mango✅
Cow lives on grass❌
A/the cow lives on grass✅
Cows live on grass✅
Note 1: When a common noun refers to a certain area then it could be plural
(The+plural noun+of+area)
Ex: The cows of Australia are healthy.
Note 2: Food related common noun could be a material noun.
Ex:Mango is my favourite food.
Note 3: The+adjective=plural common noun.
Ex: The rich are not always happy.
Note 4: man and woman as singular nouns without article means whole kind.
Ex:
Man is mortal.
Woman is man's mate.
Note 5: Abstrac noun as a common plural noun.
Ex:I faced many difficulties in the past.
Note 6: Material noun as plural common noun.
Ex:He was put in irons.
3.Collective noun❤️
Usually collective nouns take singular verb but some nouns take plural verb.
If verb takes singular,pronoun should singular and plural verb for plural pronoun.
Note 1:Nouns that considered plural;
Police,cattle,poultry,gentry,peasantry,vermin,aristocracy,people,mob.
Note 2:
a)when a noun refers to unity,takes singular verb.
Ex
The jury is at one in its opinion.
b)But when refers to division,takes plural verb.(noun of multitude)
Ex.
The jury are divided in their opinions.
Note 3: Some determiners are used to make collective nouns.
Ex: a flock of birds,a bar of chocolat,a basket of oranges,a herd of cows,a shoal of fish,a pile of apples,cars,a board of directors,a pack of wolves,a batch of students,a grove of trees,a clump of bamboos,a cluster of words,a brood of chickens.
a wad of cash,a heap of clothes,a stack of glasses,a queue of cars,
4.Material/Mass noun❤️
Nouns that refers to element or substance and they are uncountable singular noun.
Example: Gold,wood,mutton,paper,chalk,poultry,water,etc.
Note 1:Material nouns are singular noun but we can use some determiners to make them plural.
Ex: Two pieces of chalk
Note 2: To specify a thing, definite article could be used.
Ex: The water of the class is pure.
Note 3:Material nouns can be plural using s/es but meaning is different.
Ex:
Paper(কাগজ)=papers(নথি)
Wood(কাঠ)=woods(বন)
water(পানি)=waters(জলাশয়)
Iron(লোহা)=Irons(শিকক)
Sand(বালু)=Sands(মরুভূমি)
Air(বাতাস)=airs(গর্বিত ভাব)
He is a man of airs.
5.Abstract noun❤️
Nouns that refers to quality,action or state of a thing.Abstrac nouns are two types ;countable and uncountable.
Example: English(language),baseball(recreation),swimming(activity),weather(nature)
Note 1: countable abstract nouns;
Singular form refers to abstrac noun and plural form refers to common noun.
Ex:
Arrival-arrivals
Difficult - Difficulties
Note 2: Uncountable abstract nouns are always singular.
Ex:
Information,advice,love,ect
Note 3: Using definite article, a common noun could be converted to an abstract noun.
Ex:
a)The mother rose in her.
The mother=motherhood.
b)The fox in him surprised me.
The fox=behavior like the fox
⚠️ Important note: Using s/es,article and determiners, any type of nouns could be converted to a common plural noun.
Ex: There are several (committees) in our school.
The (armies) of the (allies) have been defeated.
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