Notes by Reazul Razib
There are two type of finite verbs
1)Principal/Lexical verb
2)Auxiliary/Helping verb
1.Principal verb are tow types❤️
i)Transitive
Verbs that have no object.
ii)Intransitive
Verbs that have objects
a)Mono transitive (a single object)
b)Ditransitive
A ditransitive verb has a direct object(impersonal noun) and an indirect object (personal noun/pronoun)
More classification of lexical verbs.
1.State verb vs Action verb ❇️
state verb" describes a state of being, thought, or perception, while an "action verb" describes a physical action.
🌺State verb examples: "know," "believe," "love," "hate," "own," "understand," "seem," "appear"
Generally cannot be used in continuous tenses (e.g., "I am knowing" is incorrect)
🌺Action verb examples: "run," "walk," "eat," "sleep," "jump," "talk," "write"
It could be used in a continuous tense.
E.G. I'm running
2.Eragative verbs❇️
Verbs that have both transitive and intransitive forms.
I closed the door.
The door closed
3.Causative verb❇️
Verbs that used to cause someone to do something.
Causative verbs are
let, allow, permit, make, force, require, get, have, help, and keep.
I will make you wash my shoes.
4.Factative verb❇️
A factitive verb is a verb that indicates an action that results in a change or creation.
For example, "paint" and "make" are factitive verbs in the sentences "I painted it red" and "They made her captain".
Examples of factitive verbs:
elect, appoint, choose, deem, assign, name, select, judge, designate, and nominate.
Note: Factitive verbs have direct objects and object complements.
5.Linking/Copulative verb✳️
A linking verb is a verb that connects the subject of a sentence to more information about it.
Linking verbs do not show action, but rather describe the subject as a complement.
Examples of linking verbs:
Be verb: "She is intelligent"
Seem: "He seems confident"
Become: "She became a doctor"
Look: "He looks tired"
Feel: "I feel happy"
Sound: "The music sounds soothing"
Remain: "He remains calm under pressure"
Grow: "The plants grow quickly in the sunlight".
6.Cognate verb❇️
A cognate verb is a verb that uses its noun form as an object. The noun form is called a cognate object.
He dreamt a dream.
He slept a sound sleep
2.Auxiliary verb❤️
Verbs that help lexical verbs in sentence.
A)Primary Auxiliary
i)Have verb
Have/has/had
i)Do verb
Do/does/did
iii)Be verb
Am,is,are,was,were,shall be,will be,etc
B)Modal Auxiliary
Shall,should,will,would,can,could,may,might,ought to,have to,has to,need to,dare to,be going to,had better,needn't,daren't.
Note: dare/need+not=modal verb
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