.png)
Notes by Reazul Razib
Narration ২ প্রকার
1.Direct speech
2.Indirect speech
1. First Person পরিবর্তন হয় Subject অনুযায়ী।
যেমন:
Direct: Rafiq said to me,"I am a student."
Indirect:Rafiq said to me that he was a student.
2.Second Person পরিবর্তন হয় Object অনুযায়ী.
যেমন:
Direct: Rafiq said to me,"you are a student."
Indirect:Rafiq said to me that I was a student.
3.Third Person পরিবর্তন হয় না।
যেমন:
Direct: Rafiq said to me,"he is a student."
Indirect:Rafiq said to me that he was a student.
Tense in direct to Indirect❤️
Present Indefinite ➤Past Indefinite.
Present Continuous ➤Past Continuous.
Present Perfect➤Past Perfect.
Present Perfect Continuous➤Past Perfect Continuous.
Past Indefinite➤Past Perfect.
Past Continuous➤Past Perfect Continuous.
Verbs in direct to indirect
am/is➤was
are➤were
was/were➤had been
have/has➤had
V1(Present Form) ➤V2(Past Form)
V2(Past Form) ➤had+V3
did➤had+V3
shall/will➤would
can➤could
may➤might
must➤had to
Adverbs and words in direct to indirect ❤️
Now➤Then
This➤That
Today➤That day
These➤Those
To night➤That night
Here➤There
Tomorrow➤The next day
Ago➤Before
Yesterday➤The previous day
Come➤Go
Last night➤The previous night
Thus➤So
Next week➤The following week
Hither➤Thither
Sir/Madam➤respectfully
Yes/OK/Sure etc➤replied in the affirmative and said that
No➤replied in the negative and said that
Assertive Sentence❤️
গঠন: Subject+ told/said+ Object+ that+ Subject(RS)+ Verb(RS)+ বাকী অংশ।
Direct: Samira said to me, “I am reading a novel.”Indirect: Samira told me that she was reading a novel.
Interrogative Sentence ❤️
গঠন 01:
Subject+ asked+ Object+ Wh-word+ Verb+ Subject(RS)+ Verb(RS)+ বাকী অংশ। [ Wh-word দ্বারা শুরু হলে।]
Direct: He said to his father, “What are you doing?”Indirect: He asked his father what he (f) was doing.
গঠন 02:
Subject+ asked+ Object+ if+ Subject(RS)+ Verb(RS)+ বাকী অংশ। [ Auxiliary Verb দ্বারা শুরু হলে]
Direct: Premul said to his sister, “Will you go to school?”Indirect: Premul asked his sister if she would go to school.
Imperative Sentence❤️
গঠন 01: Subject + ordered(আদেশ)/ advised(উপদেশ)/ forbade(নিষেধ)/ requested (অনুরোধ)+ Object+ to/not to+ Verb(RS)+ বাকী অংশ। [Main Verb দ্বারা শুরু হলে।]
Direct: The teacher said to the student, “Get out of the classroom.”Indirect: The teacher ordered the student to get out of the classroom.
গঠন 02: Subject+ proposed/suggested + Object + that+ Subject(RS) + should + Verb(RS)+ বাকি অংশ। [Let দ্বারা শুরু হলে।]
Direct: He said to me, “Let us go out for a walk.”Indirect: He proposed to me that we should go out for a walk.
Optative Sentence❤️
গঠন: Subject + wished/prayed + that + Subject(RS) + may/might + Verb (RS) + বাকি অংশ।
Direct: Father said to me, “May you pass the examination.”Indirect: Father prayed that I might pass the examination.
Exclamatory Sentence❤️
গঠন: Subject + exclaimed with joy/exclaimed with sorrow + that + Subject(RS) + Verb(RS) + very/great( যদি How বা What দ্বারা শুরু হয়) + বাকী অংশ।
Direct: The students said, “Hurrah! Our team has won the game.”Indirect: The students exclaimed with joy that their team had won the game.
Passage Narration এর নিয়ম
1. “Thank” যুক্ত বাক্যের পরিবর্তন
গঠন: Subject+ thanked+ Object.
Direct: Rahim said to Imran, “Thank you.”Indirect: Rahim thanked Imran.
2. Good-bye এর পরিবর্তন
গঠন: Subject+ bade+ Object+ good-bye.
Direct: He said to me, “Good-bye.”Indirect: He bade me good-bye.
3. Good morning/evening/night এর পরিবর্তন
গঠন: Subject+ wished+ Object+ good morning/evening/night ইত্যাদি।
Direct: He said to me, “Good morning.”Indirect: He wished me good morning.
4. সম্বোধন সূচক শব্দ থাকলে
গঠন: Addressing me/him/her/them as+ সম্বোধন সূচক শব্দ+ Sentence অনুয়াযী গঠন।
Direct: Rahim said, “Friends, I have read a book.”Indirect: Addressing them as friends, Rahim said that he had read a book.
একাধিক বাক্য একসাথে হলে
Assertive Sentence:
প্রথম বাক্যে – said/told
দ্বিতীয় বাক্যে – added that/also said that
তৃতীয় বাক্যে – further added that
Direct: Jamal said to Raihan, “You are very honest. I will trust you forever.”Indirect: Jamal said to Raihan that he(R) was very honest and added that he(K) would trust him(R) forever.
Interrogative Sentence:
প্রথম বাক্যে – asked
দ্বিতীয় বাক্যে – also asked
পুনরায় প্রশ্ন করলে – again asked
Direct: The teacher said to me, “What is your problem? Are you trying to solve the math?Indirect: The teacher asked me what my problem was. He(T) also asked if I was trying to solve the math.
6. By Allah/ By God এর পরিবর্তন
By Allah/ By God এর পরিবর্তে Swearing by Allah বসে
পরের অংশ Sentence অনুযায়ী হয়।
Direct: By Allah, he said to me, “He will do the work.”Indirect: Swearing by Allah, he told me that he would do the work.
7. চিরন্তন সত্য বাণী থাকলে Tense এর পরিবর্তন হয় না।
Direct: He said to me, “Honesty is the best policy.”Indirect: He told me that honesty is the best policy.
Question No. 1: Rina said to Sima, “Why don’t you get up early from sleep?” Sima said, “It is tough for me to leave bed early.” “Alas! It is a bad habit,” said Rina, “If you leave bed early, you can enjoy sound health. Follow my advice.” [Dhaka, Sylhet Board-2020]
Answer: Rina asked Sima why she (S) did not get up early from sleep. Sima replied that it was tough for her to leave bed early. Rina exclaimed with sorrow that it was a bad habit. She (R) added that if she (S) left bed early, she (S) could enjoy sound health. She (R) also ordered her (S) to follow her (R) advice.
কোন মন্তব্য নেই:
একটি মন্তব্য পোস্ট করুন